A new study has warned iconic marine animals like tiger sharks, grey reef sharks, and hammerheads could soon disappear from the world, flagging the hotspots where these extinctions could occur.
The paper, today published in the journal Nature Communications, found almost 60 per cent of coral reef shark and ray species globally are at risk of dying out.
Adjunct Professor Colin Simpfendorfer told 9news.com.au this makes them the second most threatened group of animals on reefs after marine mammals.
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"It's quite alarming," he said.
"For context for all sharks and rays globally, there are about 1200 species across all habitats, and around 35 per cent of those species are threatened.
"Coral reefs species have almost twice that level of extinction risk. We have real concerns that if we don't do something in the near future these populations will continue to decline and eventually become extinct."
Fishing was found to be the main threat, compounded by the risk of climate change and habitat loss.
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"These species don't handle fishing pressure well because they have low reproduction rates," Simpfendorfer explained.
"They have limited number of young and mature quite late.
"This really means we can't take a large proportion of them out of the water, as overfishing becomes a problem for these species quite quickly."
Simpfendorfer said larger animals were more at risk of extinction, which could result in cascading die-offs throughout eco-systems.
"Some of these species are reef predators, things like the tiger shark for example it fulfils that apex role," he said.
"So losing them for these system has important consequences."
The countries and reefs most at risk of these extinctions fell along the south Asian coast, and includes: India, Pakistan and Myanmar.
Reefs off South America, such as Brazil and Guyana, were also flagged as in danger.
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Simpfendorfer said Australia and the Great Barrier Reef is a "bright spot".
"The good news is Australia is actually doing a really good looking after its sharks and rays," he said, praising the management of the marine park.
"There are solutions but the reality is in different parts of the world different solutions will be applicable; what works in Australia, will work some places, but not everywhere.
"We need to work with these communities to improve conservation outcomes for sharks and rays but also making sure we're also considering the humans that rely on them".
However, Dr Leonardo Guida, a shark scientist and conservationist at the Australian Marine Conservation Society, said it's still legal to fish for some endangered species like scalloped hammerhead, calling for that to change.
"Globally, Australia is in a relatively good spot but when you can legally fish for endangered scalloped hammerheads for meat and fins in the Great Barrier Reef, you know you've got problems in your own backyard," he told 9news.com.au.
"Australia has the capacity and resources to lead global conservation efforts, so its crucial that the Australian Government gives endangered species, like scalloped hammerhead, the protection they need to support their recovery.
"Healthy numbers of sharks are critical to a healthy ocean and by extension, our own lives."
