North Korea fired two ballistic missiles into the waters off its east coast on Sunday, the latest in what has been a record year for test launches by the Kim Jong-un regime.

The launches, reported by both South Korean and Japanese authorities, marked the 35th day this year that North Korea has conducted a missile test.

They follow North Korea's claim on Friday that it had successfully tested a solid-fuelled rocket motor, a development that could lead to Kim's regime being able to more quickly and reliably fire an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) in the future.

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North Korea's last known missile test was on November 18, when it launched a Hwasong-17 ICBM.

The type of missiles fired on Sunday is not yet clear, but Japanese authorities said they reached an altitude of 550km and flew a distance of 500km, suggesting they were not long-range ballistic weapons.

Japan's Deputy Defence Minister Toshiro Ino said the missiles fell into the sea and no damage has been reported so far to aircraft or ships in the area.

The Japanese government lodged a protest with North Korea through diplomatic channels for its violation of UN Security Council resolutions, Ino said.

North Korea has been testing missiles and components of a range of sizes this year.

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Ankit Panda, a nuclear policy expert at the US Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, told CNN last week that the pace of testing this year shows Pyongyang has emerged as a missile power.

"The bigger picture is that North Korea is literally turning into a prominent operator of large-scale missile forces," Panda said.

"The word test is no longer appropriate to talk about most North Korean missile launches," Panda said.

"Most of the missiles they've launched this year are parts of military exercises. They are rehearsing for nuclear war. And that I think, is the big picture this year."

Panda and other analysts note that North Korea's missile testing is following an ambitious plan Kim set in place in 2021 to become a power in this area.

The latest tests follow by just days the setting up of a new US Space Force command in South Korea.

The new unit, headquartered at Osan Air Base south of Seoul, "will be tasked with coordinating space operations and services such as missile warning, position navigation and timing and satellite communications within the region," according to US Forces Korea.

Asked what potential adversaries such as Pyongyang could take from the formation of the unit, Space Forces Korea commander Lieutenant-Colonel Joshua McCullion said he hoped it would have a deterrent effect.

"The hope is that they see we are ready," he said.

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A disturbing number of children have been exposed to toxic vape chemicals, recently released data shows.

The New South Wales Poisons Information Centre revealed more than 140 children under the age of four have been exposed and 17 of those were aged under one.

The figures should be a wake-up call for parents across Australia, one medical expert told Weekend Today.

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The chief executive of Victoria Health, Sandro Demaio, says there are more than 200 chemicals in every breath of vapour from e-cigarettes.

"We know they're highly addictive and dangerous," Demaio said.

"We've seen kids drinking the vaping liquid, inhaling the vapes, being hospitalised, even dying overseas, and they can cause long-term harms."

Demaio also stressed inhaling the vapour can lead to death in some cases.

"It can lead to death. That's the important thing to say first and foremost, particularly in children, very young children."

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Nicotine poisoning can lead to a burning sensation in the mouth and the throat, headaches, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, high heart rate, convulsions and unconsciousness.

Demaio said the chemicals in vapes have a major impact on the respiratory system.

"There are things like chemicals found in e-cigarettes also found in weed killer and nail polish," Demaio said.

"These are not things we want to have in our lungs or in the lungs of kids who whose body is still developing."

Lung Foundation Australia is calling for a ban of all vaping products – both their importation and their sale.

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