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A man from Sydney's west is urging everyone to come forward and get vaccinated after he spent 399 days in hospital being treated for coronavirus.

David Avila Mellado was admitted to Westmead Hospital on July 29, 2020 after he fell ill with the virus.

The 69-year-old spent seven weeks in intensive care before he was eventually deemed well enough to be transferred to the respiratory observation unit in September last year.

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Mr Mellado became so unwell from COVID-19, he needed medical help from nursing staff, physiotherapists and speech pathologists to regain his strength.

And he spent so long in hospital, medical staff had trouble removing the tracheotomy tube after more than a year of the man being unable to breathe independently or talk.

Mr Mellado is now making an impassioned plea for everyone to get the coronavirus vaccine so they don't end up in his situation.

"Many people, they don't want the vaccine, they don't trust about (COVID-19). But it's real. It's real. So they have to understand, they have to get the vaccine, they have to help the other people too," he said.

"My recommendation and the final idea is tell the people: don't wait. Try to get the vaccine as soon as possible."

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Hospital staff said they were happy to see Mr Mellado finally well enough to go home, but said he had been a patient for so long he had become like family and would be missed.

"We miss him and it's sad to see him go, but he needs to get back to his family. We're very pleased to get him going in the right direction. We all wish David and his family all the best," respiratory observation nurse unit manager Trudy Darling said.

A COVID-positive man has been fined twice for leaving his home in the New South Wales' Hunter region while he was supposed to be in self-isolation.

Police say the 29-year-old man was found walking along a road near his Nelson Bay home with another man just 90 minutes after police conducted a compliance check at his home yesterday morning.

He was issued with a $5000 fine.

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About 3.30pm later that day police were told the man had left his home again and issued him with a second $5000 fine.

Police have since returned to the home again for a further compliance check and found him to be self-isolating.

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More than 18 months into the coronavirus pandemic, a number of countries have decided it's time to open up and adopt a "living with COVID" model.

Some have enviable vaccination rates; others have decided that the costs of continued economic and social restrictions outweigh the benefits.

Here are five nations to watch closely for how their new strategies play out.

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Denmark: The country that declared precautions over

The Danish government lifted all remaining coronavirus restrictions in the country on September 10.

It said COVID-19 was no longer "an illness which is a critical threat to society."

Danish people can now enter nightclubs and restaurants without showing a COVID passport, use public transport without wearing a face covering and meet in large numbers without restrictions.

It marks a return to pre-pandemic life.

The key to Denmark's success lies partly in its vaccination rollout.

As of September 13, over 74 per cent of Denmark's population was fully vaccinated against COVID-19, according to Our World in Data.

The transmission rate, or R-rate, currently stands at 0.7, Health Minister Magnus Heunicke tweeted Wednesday, meaning that the epidemic is continuing to decline.

If it's above 1.0, COVID-19 cases will increase in the near future. If it's below 1.0, cases will decrease in the near future.

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"The vaccines and all citizens in Denmark's great efforts over a long period of time are the basis for us to do so well," Mr Heunicke said.

Despite such optimism, Mr Heunicke sounded a note of caution last month as the government announced the planned end date for restrictions.

"Even though we are in a good place right now, we are not out of the epidemic. And the government will not hesitate to act quickly if the pandemic again threatens important functions in our society."

Singapore: Trying to live with Covid, but Delta isn't helping

Singapore's government announced in June that it was planning to move toward a living with COVID strategy.

The strategy's aim was to control outbreaks with vaccines and monitoring hospitalisations rather than restricting citizens' lives.

"The bad news is that COVID-19 may never go away. The good news is that it is possible to live normally with it in our midst," Singapore's top COVID-19 officials wrote in an op-ed at the time.

Authorities began to ease some restrictions in August, allowing fully vaccinated people to dine in restaurants and to gather in groups of five, up from two.

But a surge in cases caused by the highly infectious Delta variant has put that strategy under strain, leading officials to pause further reopening.

Officials warned last week that they might need to reimpose COVID-19 restrictions if the new outbreak was not contained.

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Singapore's COVID-19 taskforce said it would attempt to limit the outbreak through more aggressive contact tracing, "ring-fencing" cases and clusters, and more frequent mandatory testing for high-risk workers.

Despite such measures, Singapore reported its highest one-day COVID-19 case total in more than a year on Tuesday.

So far, the number of people falling seriously ill remains low thanks to vaccination, authorities said.

Singapore pursued an aggressive "zero-COVID strategy" before shifting its approach, and has one of the highest COVID-19 vaccination rates in the world, with 81 per cent of the population fully vaccinated.

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Thailand: Slow vaccine takeup but it's opening up anyway

Thailand plans to reopen Bangkok and other popular destinations to foreign visitors next month, officials said last week, as the southeast Asian nation tries to revive its crucial tourism industry despite rising infection numbers.

Under the expanded program, tourists who are fully vaccinated against COVID-19 and commit to a testing regime will be allowed to enter the capital, Hua Hin, Pattaya and Chiang Mai, according to Reuters.

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The island of Phuket reopened to vaccinated foreign visitors on July 1 without quarantine requirements.

On July 15, the country launched a similar program on the islands of Koh Samui, Koh Pha Ngan and Koh Tao, dubbed "Samui Plus."

Although it kept infection numbers low in 2020 thanks to successful containment measures, Thailand has struggled to keep cases in check this year.

Vaccination rates are lagging behind those of some neighbours.

Just under 18 per cent of the Thai population were fully vaccinated against COVID-19 as of September 13, according to Our World in Data, with a further 21 per cent partially vaccinated.

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South Africa: Easing restrictions, but Delta's still a threat

South Africa has started to ease several COVID-19 restrictions as infection rates decrease in the country.

Among other measures, the nationwide nighttime curfew has been shortened to 11 p.m. until 4 a.m., the size of gatherings allowed has increased to 250 people indoors and 500 outdoors, and restrictions on alcohol sales have been further reduced.

The easing of restrictions, announced by President Cyril Ramaphosa on Sunday, are notable in a country that passed much of the pandemic with extremely strict social distancing rules.

These included banning all gatherings except for funerals, at times, and and where vaccination rates remain low.

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Mr Ramaphosa warned that a devastating third wave of infections driven by the more transmissible Delta variant was not over.

However, he added that the country now has enough vaccine doses to cover the entire adult population, with more than a quarter of adults receiving at least one dose.

He encouraged everyone to get vaccinated and comply with remaining restrictions to allow the country to get back to normal.

"The third wave is not yet over, and it is only through our actions individually and collectively that we will be able to reduce the number of new infections," he said.

Chile: High vaccination rates mean tourists can return

Chile has been internationally praised for its smooth and successful vaccination campaign.

According to the health ministry's latest reports, almost 87 per cent of eligible Chileans are fully vaccinated.

The country has already started distributing booster shots to those who are fully vaccinated.

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Health authorities on Thursday approved the use of the Chinese vaccine Sinovac for children aged six and over and inoculations started on Monday.

Despite the threat posed by the Delta variant, the government on Wednesday announced moves to reopen the country to international tourism from October 1, just in time for the southern hemisphere nation's summer season.

Foreign non-residents will be able to enter provided they meet certain requirements and isolate for five days on arrival.

"The fact that foreign tourists can come to Chile is an important step for the recovery of inbound tourism," said Under-Secretary for Tourism José Luis Uriarte.

"It's important to point out that this is the first step, and we will be able to keep moving forward as long as we maintain the right health conditions."

The retail and hospitality sector within Auckland CBD has lost about $770 million in consumer spending since February 2020 says the business association, Heart of the City.Chief executive Viv Beck said that equated to an average…