Tag Archives: oceania

Australia experiences warmest year on record for ocean temperatures

Australia's ocean temperatures reached a record high in 2025, according to Weatherzone, due to a number of climate drivers.

The weather service reported the mean annual sea surface temperature in Australia last year was 21.13 degrees, which is 0.93 degrees above the 1961-1990 average.

This was the country's warmest annual anomaly in records dating back to 1900, beating the previous record of +0.90 degrees in 2024.

READ MORE: Man in hospital after another NSW shark attack

Australia's ocean temperatures reached a record high in 2025.

READ MORE: Shark bites seem to be on the rise, but Aussies don't know the whole story

"Heat at the surface of the ocean is driven by warmth in the atmosphere and distributed by wind and ocean currents," Weatherzone's Ben Domensino said.

"Unsurprisingly, 2025 was also one of the warmest years on record for air temperatures in Australia and this abnormal atmospheric heat helped to warm the ocean's surface in the Australian region.

"In addition to this near-record atmospheric warmth, abnormally warm water was also pushed towards Australia by La Niña and a negative Indian Ocean Dipole in 2025.

"Both climate drivers enhanced westward and eastward wind patterns respectively, which pushed warm ocean water towards Australia's coasts, causing significant heat build-up to the north-east and north-west of the country."

The increase in ocean heat was particularly noticeable to the east of Australia in the Coral Sea and Tasman Sea with annual sea surface temperatures more than one degree above the long-term averages.

"This was the first time in recorded history that either sea has exceeded the 1961-1990 average by more than one degree," Domensino said.

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Greenland is nowhere near as big as it looks. Here’s why

If you look at any two-dimensional world map, Greenland looms large.

The world's largest island sits at the top, appearing to dwarf continents such as Africa, South America and Australia.

Despite its tiny population, Greenland has become the focal point of tensions between the United States and Europe.

READ MORE: Trump refuses to rule out military action in Greenland

Greenland is smaller than WA but bigger than Queensland.

A territory of Denmark, US President Donald Trump is seeking to annex the island to become part of the United States.

Greenland has substantial strategic value because of its location, as well as a plethora of rare earths which have been, up to this point, very difficult to access.

In reality, while still being very large, it's substantially smaller than Western Australia – and not too much bigger than Queensland.

Two people walk along a beach in Nuuk, the capital of Greenland.

So why does it look different on a map?

The answer comes down to a simple geometric challenge – it is impossible to accurately project a curved 3D object on a flat surface.

Imagine you have an orange, RMIT Geospatial Sciences senior lecturer Amy Griffin told nine.com.au.

Greenland as shown on Google Maps.

"Imagine you managed to take your peel off the orange only ripping at one place," she said.

"If you tried to flatten it, what would happen? You'd get more rips in it near the edge."

On a world map with the North Pole up top and the South Pole at the bottom, the distortions also happen at the edge.

The further north and further south you are on a flat map, the more stretched out it appears.

The Democratic Republic of Congo, which is situated right on the equator, is bigger than Greenland, though it doesn't appear that way on the map.

READ MORE: Explosive text exchange between Donald Trump and Norway's PM

The original Mercator projection was highly helpful for navigators at sea.

The classic culprit is a map called the Mercator Projection, designed by Gerardus Mercator in 1569.

"It was actually a really revolutionary projection for its time," Griffin said.

In the days before GPS, navigators could draw a line on a Mercator Projection map and get from point A to point B with just a compass bearing.

"It wouldn't be the shortest way of getting there. It would be a fairly significant detour, but you'd be sure that you'd get there," Griffin said.

"When faced with the choice of taking longer or being lost in the middle of the ocean – which one would you pick?"

Though at the time it was first drawn, Mercator did not know about Australia and instead drew a large blob where it was assumed another continent was.

The Robinson projection offered a more accurate look at the world.

By contrast, the Robinson Projection devised in 1963 stretches the world map less for a more accurate look at the world.

But that map still distorts places such as Greenland to look bigger than they are.

READ MORE: Donald Trump loses the support of his most influential backer

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Shark bites seem to be on the rise, but Aussies don’t know the whole story

For nearly 60 years, Sydney did not record a single fatal shark attack.

Now the city has witnessed three deadly encounters in as many years, as well as two life-threatening ones in the last two days.

On Sunday, a 13-year-old boy was pulled out of Sydney Harbour by mates after he was attacked by what police believe is a bull shark.

READ MORE: Man charged with murder over a year after 60-year-old found dead on NSW South Coast

Another suspected bull shark bit an 11-year-old boy's surfboard on Sydney's Northern Beaches yesterday morning, and a man in his 20s was bitten on the leg at Manly the same day.

A fourth attack, this time on the NSW Mid North Coast, put a surfer in hospital with minor injuries this morning.

Encounters like these seem to be on the rise in NSW and across state borders, leaving some Australians afraid to even set foot in the ocean.

Have you got a story? Contact reporter Maddison Leach at Google Play.

‘The America we thought we knew before Trump is not coming back’

One year ago, Donald Trump returned to the White House on a storm of threatened vengeance on his enemies, promises of wealth to the US people, and a pledge to bring America into a new golden age.

The January 20 inauguration marked the beginning of one of the most tumultuous years of US politics in living memory.

And, assuming Trump remains in office for the rest of his term, there are three more MAGA years ahead of us.

READ MORE: Trump refuses to rule out military action in Greenland after raging at Norway's PM

His loyal supporters rejoice at that prospect – his critics are somewhat more subdued after the ferocious pace of events in 2025.

So what does the year ahead hold?

Trump opened 2026 with the brazen abduction of Venezuelan president Nicolas Maduro, sending US troops into the capital of Caracas.

He has since radically ramped up his demand for US control of Greenland for so-called "security" reasons, despite the fact that a decades-old treaty allows the US military widespread access to the island.

READ MORE: Protesters storm church where ICE agent is a pastor

ivanka trump social media post for father donald trump presidency

And he's floated suggestions of cancelling the mid-term elections and securing a possible – if unconstitutional – third term in office.

Trump thrives on being perceived as unpredictable, but in these cases, one expert says, we should take him at his word.

"I think Trump has told us what is on his agenda," The Australia Institute's international and security affairs program director Dr Emma Shortis told 9news.com.au.

READ MORE: Prince Harry's court battle against British tabloids reaches final chapter

She said on the Greenland issue, Trump by now had "talked himself into a position where he almost can't not act".

Meanwhile, European leaders were "scrambling" to respond, but Shortis said they had options available that could hurt the US, including their anti-coercion responses.

But Shortis doubted that would be enough to sway the White House, which has imposed its own tariffs on European allies, a year after Trump made them the centrepiece of his return to power.

"As our prime minister has said, tariffs are 'an act of self-harm', but Trump doesn't care about that," she said.

Domestically, she said, Trump was almost certainly serious about invoking the Insurrection Act to deploy troops against protesters in Minneapolis and other cities where citizens are battling ICE.

But the possibility of that actually taking place was "very unpredictable" depending on the public response.

The key to understanding the breakneck audacity of the second Trump administration, Shortis said, lies in the composition of the president's inner circle.

The fabled "adults in the room" are almost entirely absent this time around.

"I don't want to give them too much credit, but they did curb (Trump's) worst impulses," Shortis said.

Added to that, Trump himself and the people around him, such as senior advisor Stephen Miller, had a much keener understanding of the possibilities of presidential power – and no interest in keeping to traditional norms.

"This was a generational election victory for the Republican Party," Shortis said.

Stephen Miller

That was also why people should take seriously Trump's suggestion that the mid-term elections this year be cancelled.

"He will joke, he will fly kites, he will normalise it," she said.

"People will write their cute explainers about the law and the Constitution and that will normalise the idea further.

"They want to hold onto power."

Typically, the US mid-terms see the president's party lose seats in the House, where Republicans hold a wafer-thin majority.

But as relatively unpopular as Trump appears to be, Shortis said he was "so good" at controlling the narrative, and with such a loyal base, that the results this time were less predictable.

Additionally, the Democrats are wallowing in historic levels of unpopularity as well, widely perceived as "weak and indecisive" and more focused on internal disputes between party factions.

Meanwhile, the potentially galvanising issue of the Epstein files has been silenced by Trump's recent moves in Venezuela and his rhetoric on Iran and Greenland, as well as the ordered release being smothered and delayed by the US Department of Justice.

But Shortis said it was unlikely all of the White House's recent actions were motivated to keep the files out of the headlines.

"I'm not totally convinced Trump is just distracting," she said.

"They are committed to this radical reshaping of American society, and of the world."

Further ahead

Shortis laughed at the idea of trying to predict the next moves of the Trump presidency beyond the next few months – particularly to the end of Trump's term in 2028.

But she fully expected the administration in some form to attempt to keep him in power past his term limit, even as potential successors like Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Vice President JD Vance weigh their chances.

"(Trump) is convinced, probably rightly, that he created this movement and only he can lead it, direct it," Shortis said.

Vice President JD Vance

"There isn't a clear successor to Trump."

Trump's legacy, in part, she said, was the final destruction of trust in many American institutions, including DOGE-gutted government agencies – but she said that was not a problem he had created.

"Trust was already eroded by the time Trump came along, it's what allowed him to succeed," Shortis said.

The "political will and capital" needed for a new administration to rebuild that trust and create a "new America" would be huge, she said.

"Then again, the United States is quite remarkably good at rebuilding itself," she said.

"The America we thought we knew before Trump is not coming back."

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Man injured after fourth shark attack in NSW in 48 hours

A man is in hospital after another shark attack on a New South Wales beach, the fourth in less than 48 hours.

The man was attacked at Point Plomer Beach, north of Port Macquarie, this morning.

A Mid North Coast Local Health District spokesperson said a 39-year-old man was in a stable condition with minor injuries at Kempsey Hospital.

READ MORE: Palliative care doctor's school sunscreen plea

A man is in hospital after he was attacked by a shark at Point Pomer, NSW.

9news.com.au understands the man self-reported to the hospital.

Spokespeople for NSW Ambulance and NSW Police confirmed no emergency services were called.

A shark had been spotted at the beach at 10.08am, according to SharkSmart.

Beaches between Town Breach and Crescent Head have been closed.

READ MORE: Shark bites seem to be on the rise, but Aussies don't know the whole story

It's the fourth shark attack in NSW waters in the past 48 hours.

An attack yesterday evening at Manly put a surfer in the hospital in a critical condition.

Earlier that day, an 11-year-old boy had a narrow escape at Dee Why when a shark took a bite out of his board.

READ MORE: Surfer's chilling warning before shark attack

Authorities said a shark took an estimated 15-centimetre chunk out of the boy's surfboard at the netted Dee Why Beach, near Dee Why Point, about 11.45am today.A photo of the surfboard shared by the Manly Observer.

And on Sunday afternoon, a 12-year-old boy was critically injured in the water at Vaucluse.

Swimmers at still-open beaches have been advised to stay away and avoid murky and low-visibility water.

The NSW Department of Primary Industries say bull sharks are known to frequent Sydney Harbour, especially during the year's warmer months, and can be found in shallow waterways.

Murky water churned up by the recent rain and storms could also contribute to perfect attack environments.

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‘You’re going to get done’: Surfer’s chilling warning before shark attack

A surfer at a popular Manly beach avoided entering the water minutes before a serious shark attack after being warned of the danger by his mates.

Max White surfs at North Steyne Beach on Sydney's Northern Beaches almost every day, and he had planned to do the same yesterday afternoon.

However, when he told his mates, they urged him not to go in the water.

READ MORE: Shark bites seem to be on the rise, but Aussies don't know the whole story

Max White, right, only avoided entering the water after a warning from his mates.

"I walked over and said to them, 'I'll go for a surf'. And they looked at me and started shaking their head," he told 2GB's Ben Fordham.

"They go, 'no, don't go out, you're going to get done by a shark'."

White said just 20 minutes later, a surfer was mauled by what is believed to be a bull shark, suffering serious leg injuries. He is now fighting for life in hospital.

It was the third shark attack in Sydney in just 26 hours, with a 12-year-old boy also fighting for life after being bitten in Vaucluse.

https://omny.fm/shows/ben-fordham-full-show/blood-in-the-water-2gb-reporter-involved-in-shark-attack-rescue/embed?size=Wide&style=Cover

Another boy had a chunk taken out of his surfboard in Dee Why.

Wet weather in Sydney has created optimal conditions for shark attacks, with waters murkier due to the recent downpour.

More than a dozen beaches across the city have now been closed as a result of the attacks.

READ MORE: Mayor describes 'escalating dingo aggression' after death on K'gari

White said he was still on the beach when the attack happened, saying two French backpackers raised the call for help.

"[They] ran up to us and started screaming, 'in the water, there's a guy, he's bleeding out,'" he said.

"We looked out, and as he went over a wave, you could just see the pool of blood in the water.

"No matter how murky the water was, the wave was red."

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Palliative care doctor’s school sunscreen plea

A palliative care doctor and mother is calling for a simple push in schools to make kids apply sunscreen as a way to combat skin cancer

According to Cancer Australia, melanoma, the worst form of skin cancer was the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in Australia in 2021.

It was the tenth most common cause of cancer death.

READ MORE: Shark bites seem to be on the rise, especially in Sydney. Experts say Aussies don't know the whole story

Kerith Whittigan, 43, from Melbourne says she has noticed how tanned the skin of her son Elliot, seven, is becoming, despite sending him to school wearing sunscreen.

Kerith Whittigan, 43, from Melbourne often treats cancer patients during the course of her work.

She says her youngest patient with metastatic melanoma was just 23.

She also had a basal cell carcinoma, a type of cancer, removed at 30.

"It's an awful devastating disease and until relatively recently it was incredibly hard to treat," she said.

She said she discussed the issue in a group of doctor mums on Facebook and had a staggering response.

"One mum sends kids to school with a sunscreen bottle in his lunch box and weighs it when he gets home," she said.

Whittigan has now started a petitionwhich has over 1000 signatures, calling for Australian schools to be required to dedicate five minutes a day at the start of lunch time for students to reapply sunscreen.

"It seems so simple to just ask schools. I think an extra five minutes to say 'right kids time to put their sunscreen on," Whittigan, who has two sons, Elliot, seven, and Evan, five.

"We know early life sun exposure is one of the factors that increases the risk of you getting skin cancer."

READ MORE: China's population falls again as births drop to lowest rate since 1949 communist revolution

Kerith Whittigan, 43, from Melbourne says she has noticed how tanned the skin of her son Elliot, seven, is becoming, despite sending him to school wearing sunscreen.

SunSmart says two in three Australians will be diagnosed with skin cancer and it kills around 2000 Aussies a year.

Staying out of the sun, using sunscreen and covering up with hats, clothes and sunglasses can help prevent it.

READ MORE: Revolutionary high-risk, early-stage melanoma treatment sees survival rates surge

"Schools are not currently required to provide dedicated sunscreening time. Many schools have a policy of reminding students to reapply sunscreen before lunch, but this is not always followed consistently," she says.

She plans to send it to the Australian Government Health Department and Australian School Principals Associations.

"It will quite literally save lives," she said.

READ MORE: Explosive text exchange between Donald Trump and Norway's prime minister exposes truth behind his bid for Greenland

Australian Primary Principals Association President, Angela Falkenberg, said most schools already encourage sunscreen use "through school and parent-supplied products, education in the health curriculum and SunSmart practices.

"Any additional expectations must be realistic, age-appropriate and workable within the school day," she said.

A TGA spokesperson said organisations plus state and territory health departments, including Cancer Council Australia, provide national programs for school‑aged children.

"For the last two years, the Australian Government has partnered with Cancer Council Australia to deliver a $15 million national skin cancer prevention campaign.

"The campaign has been divided into two target audiences, End the Trend for young Australians aged between 18-35 and Save your Skin for men 40+."

READ MORE: Third shark attack in two days in Sydney, 20 beaches closed

The harmless rideshare mistake that ends up being a massive pain

Exclusive: Everyone's forgotten something in a rideshare or know someone who has, whether it was a bag, wallet or phone.

It's a harmless mistake and one that should be easy to fix.

But in the era of mobile apps, two-factor authentication, and constantly surging rideshare demand, getting lost property back can be a nightmare.

READ MORE: Man charged with murder over a year after 60-year-old found dead on NSW South Coast

forget smartphone on car sit, lost smart phone ,

Uber and DiDi, Australia's most popular rideshare platforms, both encourage riders to report lost items in the mobile app first.

But you can't do that if your phone – the third most frequently forgotten item in Ubers last year – is in a car on the other side of town.

"The most effective way to retrieve a lost item is to contact the driver-partner through the app," an Uber spokesperson told 9news.com.au.

"If a phone has been left behind, riders can also log in to their account via a computer to submit a request."

Riders can also report lost items through a friend or relative's Uber app.

9news.com.au understands riders may be charged a $20 fee once an item is returned to compensate the driver.

DiDi also encourages riders to report missing items on the mobile app, or contact support via Facebook or Instagram if they can't access the app.

"When a rider reports an item lost, DiDi's team contacts the driver to see whether they can locate the item," Dan Jordan, head of external affairs at DiDi, told 9news.com.au.

"If located, DiDi facilitates contact so the rider and driver can arrange for the return of the item.

"If the item cannot be located, riders are encouraged to report the matter to police."

READ MORE: China's population falls again as births drop to lowest rate since 1949 communist revolution

Riders may also offer an optional one-off $20 reward to incentivise drivers to return lost items.

It all sounds simple enough, but in practice getting a lost item back can be a nightmare.

Rear window of a black Uber car with the white Uber sticker on the glass.

Jenna, who asked not to have her surname published, forgot her phone in an Uber last month.

"Without my phone, I couldn't get on the app," she told 9news.com.au.

"And when I tried to log in on my laptop at home, it sent an authentication code to my phone which was missing."

Have you got a story? Contact reporter Maddison Leach at Google Play.

Trump refuses to rule out military action in Greenland after raging at Norway’s PM

US president Donald Trump has refused to rule out military action to seize Greenland, hours after an explosive text sent to Norway's prime minister was leaked.

Speaking in a phone interview with NBC News, the president was asked if he would use force to seize Greenland.

"No comment," he replied.

READ MORE: Explosive text exchange between Donald Trump and Norway's PM

Donald Trump has raged at Norway's prime minister after he didn't win the Nobel Prize.

He doubled down on his claims that the Norwegian government played a hand in him not winning the Nobel Peace Prize this year.

"Norway totally controls it despite what they say," he said.

"They like to say they have nothing to do with it, but they have everything to do with it."

READ MORE: Europe mulls retaliation over Trump's Greenland tariffs

Greenlanders protest Donald Trump's ambitions to annex the territory.

His comments come after a text sent to Norway's Prime Minister Jonas Gahr Store went public.

"Dear Jonas: Considering your Country decided not to give me the Nobel Peace Prize for having stopped 8 Wars PLUS, I no longer feel an obligation to think purely of Peace, although it will always be predominant, but can now think about what is good and proper for the United States of America," Trump wrote to Store.

The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded by a committee appointed by the Norwegian Parliament.

READ MORE: Trump administration investigating Minnesota politicians

Ice floats on the sea off the coast of Nuuk, Greenland.

The five member panel includes three politicians from different parties, a foreign policy scholar and a nonprofit leader.

"Denmark cannot protect that land from Russia or China, and why do they have a 'right of ownership' anyway? 

"There are no written documents, it's only that a boat landed there hundreds of years ago, but we had boats landing there, also."

Denmark started its colonisation of Greenland in 1721, decades before the United States existed as a country.

READ MORE: 'Gold-standard' study rejects Trump's claims on paracetamol

Greenland has a population of 56,000.

"I have done more for NATO than any other person since its founding, and now, NATO should do something for the United States," the president wrote to Store.

"The World is not secure unless we have Complete and Total Control of Greenland."

The president is amping up his rhetoric in his ambitions for the massive island in the Atlantic, which has for centuries been a territory of Denmark.

Over the weekend Trump placed additional tariffs on eight European countries that opposed his plans to annex Greenland.

The ten per cent tariffs were placed on Denmark, Norway, Sweden, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and Finland.

Denmark has responded to America's threats by sending more troops to Greenland.

Danish troops unload equipment as they land in Greenland.

About 200 Danish soldiers have landed in the towns of Nuuk and Kangerlussuaq.

Polling showed that Americans were overwhelmingly opposed to annexing Greenland.

A Reuters poll found just 17 per cent of Americans approved of his efforts to take Greenland.

Just 10 per cent approved of "using military force to obtain new territory".

READ MORE: Donald Trump loses the support of his most influential backer

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