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What are third places, and are they disappearing or just changing?

Chances are you've been to a third place at least once in your life and didn't even realise.

Essentially public lounge rooms, they are social environments separate from home (first place) and work (second place).

And while many believe they're essential, some experts say they're becoming a lot more scarce. So what are they, and are they going anywhere? 

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Hot Weather, Heat wave, Beach, cooling off, sweltering, unbearable heat, hot. Sydneysiders flock to Bondi Beach to cool off in the cold waters as temperatures are set to soar throughout the day, Sunday 21st of January 2024

The term "third place" was coined in the 1990s by sociologist Ray Oldenburg as work hours began to increase.

He argued that as life became busier and more secluded, these places became vital for democracy, engagement and a sense of place amongst the broader community.

The main criteria for a spot to be a third place are pretty simple: it needs to be a neutral area that is easily accessible to and comfortable for the public.

Its main purpose is for people to gather and socialise, fostering a sense of community and conversation. 

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Shot of a people sitting at small coffee shop

In a traditional sense, a third space can be anywhere from a coffee shop to a park to a library.

"Shopping centres are considered third spaces," creative producer at youth arts organisation OutLoud Nicole Issa said.

"Even though some people might not like it to be, it's the truth."

She says third places are important for social connections, particularly amongst young adults.

She also thinks they're dying out.

"One thing that I'm hearing a lot from young people is that there is a need for third spaces and there's a need for safe places for young people to go," she said.

"I think it's been a gradual thing. The biggest, major event that has changed the way young people use third space was definitely COVID…

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Shopping centre Melbourne Christmas.

"There was like strict legislation that came in that prevented people from going to social events or even meeting up with other people, which then, in turn, just changed people's patterns."

However, unlike Issa, University of Melbourne Chair of Architecture and Urban Design Kim Dovey does not believe that third spaces are dying, but rather that they never existed in Australia to begin with.

"The concept of the third place is an American thing," he said.

"It sort of came out of that kind of social capital literature.

"These places are important because they're where we establish what are often known as weak ties.

"You make new friends and acquaintances, and you get to know your neighbourhood and your neighbours a bit more and people you wouldn't normally run into.

"In so many parts of the world, it's just normal everyday life. It didn't really need a name."

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In his literature, Ray Oldenburg argued that a place outside of work and home is crucial for public wellbeing.

"What suburbia cries for are the means for people to gather easily, inexpensively, regularly, and pleasurably – a 'place on the corner'," he said.

While brick-and-mortar shopping centres filled that need for decades, the rise of online shopping has meant people are spending less time at physical stores.

The internet – particularly social media – is a double-edged sword here. While it's given rise to digital third places, it's limited the way that people interact in public.

"I hate having to get out of the way of people who are reading their phone as they walk down the street, they're not actually present in the street," Professor Kim Dovey said.

"Cities work by putting lots of people you don't know into the same space that you share, and you weave in and out of each other and on busy pedestrian sidewalks."

"And that's how cities work, so I think social media is a threat to that."

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Pope Leo XIV celebrates his first Christmas Eve Mass

Thousands of people flocked to Bethlehem's Manger Square on Christmas Eve as families there and at other sites across the Holy Land heralded a much-needed boost of holiday spirit, after two years of subdued celebrations because of the war in Gaza.

At the Vatican, Pope Leo XIV presided over his first Midnight Mass in St. Peter’s Basilica. In his homily, he marveled at the “wisdom” of the Christmas story — an infant Jesus born to save mankind.

“In the face of the suffering of the poor, (God) sends one who is defenseless to be the strength to rise again,” the first U.S. pope told a packed basilica.

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Pope Leo XIV celebrates the Christmas Eve Mass in St. Peter's Basilica at The Vatican.

Bethlehem, where Christians believe Jesus was born, had cancelled Christmas celebrations during the war. But on Wednesday, the giant Christmas tree returned to Manger Square, temporarily replacing the wartime nativity scene of baby Jesus surrounded by rubble and barbed wire in a homage to Gaza's suffering.

Cardinal Pierbattista Pizzaballa, the top Catholic leader in the Holy Land, kicked off this year's celebrations during the traditional procession from Jerusalem to Bethlehem, calling for “a Christmas full of light.”

Pizzaballa said he came bearing greetings from Gaza's tiny Christian community, where he held a pre-Christmas Mass on Sunday. In the devastation, he saw a desire to rebuild.

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Latin Patriarch Pierbattista Pizzaballa, the top Catholic clergyman in the Holy Land, arrives at the Church of the Nativity, traditionally believed to be the birthplace of Jesus, on Christmas Eve, in the West Bank city of Bethlehem, Wednesday, Dec. 24, 2025. (AP Photo/Nasser Nasser)

“We, all together, we decide to be the light, and the light of Bethlehem is the light of the world,” he told thousands of people, Christian and Muslim.

Despite the holiday cheer, the impact of the war in the Israeli-occupied West Bank is acute, especially in Bethlehem, where around 80 per cent of the Muslim-majority city’s residents depend upon tourism-related businesses, according to the local government.

There were only a handful of foreigners but some residents said they are starting to see signs of change as tourism slowly returns.

‘Hope in very dark situations’

“Today is a day of joy, a day of hope, the beginning of the return of normal life here,” said Bethlehem resident Georgette Jackaman, a tour guide. She and her husband, Michael Jackaman, another guide, are from Christian Bethlehem families that stretch back generations.

This is the first real Christmas celebration for their two children, aged 2 and a half and 10 months.

During the war, the Jackamans pivoted to create a website selling Palestinian handicrafts to support others who lost their livelihoods. The unemployment rate in the city jumped from 14 per cent to 65 per cent, Bethlehem Mayor Maher Nicola Canawati said earlier this month.

A visitor from France, Mona Riewer, said being in Bethlehem helped her appreciate the meaning of the holiday.

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Catholic clergy walk in procession next to the Church of the Nativity

“Christmas is like hope in very dark situations,” she said.

Despite the Gaza ceasefire that began in October, tensions remain high in the West Bank, with Israeli military raids in what it describes as a crackdown on militants. Attacks by Israeli settlers against Palestinians have reached their highest level since the United Nations humanitarian office started collecting data in 2006.

Israel captured the West Bank in the 1967 Mideast war. The internationally recognized Palestinian Authority has limited autonomy in parts of the territory, including Bethlehem.

As poverty and unemployment have soared, about 4000 people have left Bethlehem in search of work, the mayor said — part of a worrying trend for Christians, who are leaving the region in droves. Christians account for less than two per cent of the West Bank’s roughly 3 million residents.

The beginning of a return to normal life

Fadi Zoughbi, who previously worked overseeing logistics for tour groups, said his children were ecstatic to see marching bands streaming through Bethlehem's streets, Palestinian flags and tartan draped on their bagpipes. For the past two years, the scouts marched silently as a protest against the war.

Irene Kirmiz, who grew up in Bethlehem and lives in Ramallah, said the scout parade is among her favorite Christmas traditions. Her 15-year-old daughter plays the tenor drum with the Ramallah scouts.

But her family had to wake up at 5am to arrive for the parade, after waiting about three hours at Israeli checkpoints. The drive previously took 40 minutes without the checkpoints that have increasingly made travel difficult for Palestinians, she said.

In the past two years, the heads of churches in Jerusalem urged congregations to forgo “any unnecessarily festive activities.” They encouraged priests and the faithful to focus on Christmas’ spiritual meaning and called for “fervent prayers for a just and lasting peace for our beloved Holy Land.”

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Palestinian Christians attend Mass on Christmas Eve at the Holy Family Catholic Church in Gaza City

Other Middle East events mark the faithful’s resilience

Santas were everywhere as the traditional parade returned to Nazareth in northern Israel, revered by Christians as the place where the archangel Gabriel announced to Mary she would give birth to Jesus.

The hilltop town filled with children. Some starred in live Nativity scenes, and others lined the route waiting for floats and candy under a bright, warm sun.

Incense wafted over pews packed for Christmas Eve Mass at Gaza's only Catholic church, where festive children's programs had also taken place. The Holy Family compound was hit by fragments from an Israeli shell in July, killing three people. Israel called it an accident and expressed regret.

On the outskirts of Damascus, Syria, hundreds of congregants planned to return for Christmas Masses at a Greek Orthodox church where, in June, 25 people were killed in a suicide attack blamed on Islamic State militants. On Tuesday, they gathered to light a neon image of a Christmas tree in its courtyard.

Festivities around the world

At St. Peter's, an estimated 6000 people worshipped inside the vast basilica decorated with poinsettias, while another 5000 watched the Mass on giant screens in the rain-soaked piazza outside.

The celebration, with readings and the homily in a variety of languages, including Latin, started with children from different continents putting flowers by the figure of the baby Jesus.

Leo will return to the basilica for Mass on Christmas Day followed by his traditional blessing from the loggia.

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Wearing traditional costumes, children take part in the 40th annual Christmas parade heading towards the Basilica of the Annunciation in Nazareth, Israel.

People around the world enjoyed Christmas traditions on Wednesday beyond houses of worship, too, from ice-skating in New York City to charity swimming in cold sea waters off Northern Ireland.

Along Florida’s Space Coast, Santas hopped on surfboards, not sleighs. Hundreds of surfers dressed as Santa took to the waves off Cocoa Beach in what has become an annual tradition for the past 17 years.

The Santa-surfing brought to the beach thousands of spectators dressed in Christmas costumes who danced to live music and took part in a holiday costume contest.

The event raises money for the Florida Surf Museum and a nonprofit that helps people with cancer.

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Government raises threat level to popular tourist destination

Australia has raised the threat level for travellers to Cambodia as the country's conflict with Thailand intensifies.

The Smart Traveller website now urges a high degree of caution throughout the South-East Asian country, and warns Australians to reconsider the need to travel within several provinces, including the tourist hotspot Siem Reap.

Cambodia has been embroiled in an armed conflict with its neighbour since late July over border disputes that have their roots back to the early 1900s.

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The Thai military fires artillery towards Cambodia, Tuesday, Dec. 16, 2025, in Surin province, Thailand.

A ceasefire was brokered in October, but fighting resumed earlier this month, with US President Donald Trump trying to broker a peace between the two countries.

With no end in sight, Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs has now issued new warnings to travellers ahead of the peak travel season over the Christmas and New Year period.

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An armed Cambodian National Police officer protects a supply truck at a resettlement camp, established to house thousands of people fleeing the Thailand-Cambodia clash, in Oddar Meanchey, Cambodia, on Sunday, July 27, 2025

"We now advise exercise a high degree of caution overall due to ongoing conflict and its security risks," the update on Smart Traveller said.

"The security situation remains unpredictable."

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Angkor Wat

Travel should be avoided completely in areas within 50 kilometres of the Cambodia-Thailand border in the provinces of Banteay Meanchey, Oddar Meanchey, Preah Vihear, Battambang, Pailin, Pursat and Koh Kong.

It also said Australians should reconsider their need to travel within 50-80 kilometres of the border, including in the larger cities of Battambang and the province of Siem Reap, where the world-famous Angkor Wat temple site is located.

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An anti-personnel landmine near the Thailand-Cambodia border.

Siem Reap is also the second-largest city in the country.

"Military strikes and violence, and the presence of landmines and unexploded ordinance," are threats facing travellers in these locations, according to Smart Traveller.

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Controversial protest ban triggered in NSW by Police Commissioner

New South Wales' top policeman has triggered controversial restrictions on protests in the state that could last for up to three months.

Under the new laws passed yesterday in a marathon sitting in State Parliament, Police Commissioner Mal Lanyon was given powers to "restrict" protests in public areas following a terrorist attack for at least 14 days, though this can be extended on a fortnightly basis to up to three months.

Late on Wednesday, Lanyon declared a restriction on protests throughout Sydney for two weeks following the Bondi terror attack that killed 15 people.

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Premier of New South Wales Chris Minns,  and Minister for Police and Counter-terrorism Yasmin Catley provide an update on the governments response to the Bondi Beach terror attack at  Parliament House in Sydney on December 22, 2025. Photo: Dominic Lorrimer

During this time, no public protests can be approved by police, and Form 1 applications for the authorisation of protests will not be accepted.

Gatherings are still permitted, but police will have greater powers to move on people who are deemed to be obstructing the public or behaving in an intimidating or harassing manner.

Lanyon said stronger safeguards were needed in the wake of the events at Bondi, and that the measures were designed to avoid further division within the community.

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NSW Police Commissioner Mal Lanyon admits police's initial response to the Bondi Beach shooting was limited due to the firepower difference between responding officers and the gunmen.

"The NSW Police is committed to exercising these new powers responsibly and transparently," he claimed.

"This is a time for community to come together and to show respect and courtesy; it's not a time for large public assemblies and division. "

"Further protest activity would aggravate fear and divisiveness in the community at a time when we need to build safety and confidence."

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People attend Invasion Day protests in Sydney

The new laws have already been met with pushback by several groups, with court action underway to try and prevent them.

It has already received a constitutional challenge in the High Court over the potential impact it will have on civil liberties.

It was launched by The Palestine Action Group, Jews Against the Occupation and the First Nations-led Blak Caucus, who condemned the reforms as undemocratic.

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‘Tis the season for carguments

More than three-quarters of Aussies admit to arguing with their partner, family or friends while driving.

And with the summer holiday season well under way, we can expect the heat to be rising both outside and inside the car.

Research from iSelect has revealed the most common arguments had in the car and unsurprisingly, it's driver speed that emerged on top, closely followed by personal arguments.

Here's the top 10 'carguments'

1. Driving speed (50.6 per cent)
2. Personal argument unrelated to driving (48.7 per cent)
3. Directions and navigation (48.6 per cent)
4. Backseat driving and unsolicited advice (42.9 per cent)
5. Mobile phone use while driving (40.8 per cent)
6. Unexpected traffic or road closures (39.5 per cent)
7. Parking or manoeuvres (39.4 per cent)
8. Talking when the driver wants quiet (38.9 per cent)
9. Managing kids or pets (37.6 per cent)
10. Music choice and volume (33.8 per cent)

While the list is amusing and highly relatable, it also comes with a warning.

Adrian Bennett, the general manager of general insurance at iSelect, said distraction was putting our safety at risk on the road.

"Even a momentary lapse in attention can have serious consequences.

"In fact, research shows that in crashes where inattention could be measured, about 31 per cent involved driver inattention, and distraction alone was responsible for nearly 14 per cent of all crashes," Bennett said.

"Even more eye-opening, taking your eyes off the road for just two seconds, whether to check your phone, argue with a passenger, or deal with any other distraction, can double your risk of an accident."

He said the holiday season was a particularly dangerous time to be on the road.

"Roads are noticeably busier over the festive season, and with many of us juggling hectic travel plans and late nights, carguments are likely to increase, and so is the risk of accidents.

"If you're getting behind the wheel, the message is simple: stay focused.

"Keep your eyes on the road, your hands on the wheel, and your attention on the drive so you can get where you're going safely."

The research surveyed 1000 Australians.

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Footage shows ‘disgusting’ attack on Norwegian tourist at St Kilda Pier

A Norwegian tourist who was assaulted and robbed by a large group in Melbourne last week has left Australia early.

Police say the group of young adults seem to have wrongly accused the tourist of taking photos of people.

The 34-year-old man was approached by up to eight people at St Kilda Pier about 1pm on Thursday in full view of bystanders.

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Norwegian tourist assaulted in St Kilda

He was assaulted and his phone was stolen and thrown into the water.

Detective Senior Constable Jesse Coppel said the group accused the victim of taking photos of people at the pier.

"During the course of the confrontation he's shown his phone to the offenders, proven that he's not done it and they've proceeded to assault him anyway," Coppel said.

"The information we have indicates that people have seen the contents of his phone prior to it being destroyed and there was nothing of that material or that nature on the phone.

"It seems to me as if they have used this as an excuse to confront this man and when it's not followed through they've assaulted him anyway regardless."

Norwegian tourist assaulted in St KildaNorwegian tourist assaulted in St Kilda

Coppel described the behaviour was "disgusting" and people deserved to be able to enjoy the beach peacefully.

"People behaving in this way is deplorable, it doesn't belong here," he said.

The man was taken to hospital with a broken arm and has since returned home despite previously intending to spend Christmas in Australia.

Coppel said police had not been able to speak with him at length.

The offenders fled the scene but police have released images of four people they wish to speak with.

Norwegian tourist assaulted in St Kilda

All four people are believed to be aged in their early 20s.

The first man is described as being of Mediterranean/Middle Eastern appearance, approximately 165cm tall with a thin build, short goatee beard and black curly hair.

He was wearing black shorts and sunglasses.

The second man is described as being of Caucasian appearance, approximately 175cm tall with a medium build, short goatee beard and short brown hair.

He was wearing an open grey short sleeve shirt, blue camouflage shorts, a black New York Yankees beanie, black Nike runners and carrying a sports bag.

st kilda pier assault

The third man is described as being of Caucasian appearance, approximately 170cm tall with a thin build and curly hair with shaved sides. He may be in his late teens.

He was wearing a Chicago Bulls #13 jersey, black Nike shorts, black Nike slides and carrying a black satchel bag.

The woman is described as being of Caucasian appearance, approximately 160cm tall with a slim build and dark hair.

She has a number of distinctive tattoos on her chest, leg and arm and was wearing a red bikini.

Anyone who witnessed the incident or recognises one of those described is urged to contact police.

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Parts of Queensland brace for downpour as storms forecast through Christmas to weekend

Parts of Queensland are this afternoon bracing for the beginning of days of possible severe storms and heavy rainfall.

The Bureau of Meteorology this afternoon issued warnings for severe, slow-moving storms bringing heavy rainfall to parts of the south-east coast including Brisbane, Ipswich, Beenleigh and Jimboomba, Nambour and Kilcoy, the Southern Downs and Toowoomba, Darling Downs and Granite Belt and the Capricornia, Wide Bay and Burnett, Central Highlands and Coalfields including Bundaberg, Calliope and Baralaba.

Heavy rainfall that may lead to flash flooding are possible in these areas as well as possible large hailstones in the Darling Downs and Granite Belt.

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Queensland rain

"A very moist atmosphere is in place over most of the state extending from a low pressure system and developing monsoon in place over the Northern Territory," the warning reads.

"Slow moving severe thunderstorms have developed in this moist and unstable environment over the southeast this afternoon, which may persist throughout the afternoon and into the evening."

Storms are possible through to the weekend with heavy rainfall in the north and centre of the state which could lead to post-Christmas flooding in parts of Queensland.

Multiple roads are likely to be affected by flooding, with catchments already wet from recent rain.

And an initial flood watch warning has been issued for parts of north-west Queensland, due to the same trough.

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Queensland rain

"Riverine flooding is possible from Wednesday with road closures and community isolation likely," the warning read.

The Bureau said flooding in the state's south-west was not expected imminently but could be possible in the coming weeks as the extra water made its way downriver.

Stay up to date with the warnings and alerts at the BoM website.

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Machetes used in attack on man after he jumped from moving car in Melbourne

Police have confirmed machetes were used in an assault in Melbourne earlier this week that saw a man jump out of a moving car.

Witnesses reported a male calling for help from a grey Toyota Yaris on McGregor Street, Pakenham, just after 10pm on Monday, December 22.

The witnesses, recording the chase, followed the car to Homestead Road in Berwick, where it slowed down enough for a man to jump out and try to run away.

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Pakenham attack

However, the car stopped and three people were seen getting out and attacking the man before fleeing in the Yaris.

The witnesses picked up the man and drove him to a nearby carpark to await emergency services.

Ambulance Victoria said advanced life support paramedics treated a 23-year-old man for upper body injuries.

READ MORE: Warnings issued as post-Christmas floods threaten Queensland

Pakenham attack

He was taken to hospital in a stable condition.

Detective Sergeant Glen McGowan congratulated the witnesses on keeping track of the car and on providing Triple Zero with updates.

He said police had spoken to the victim since, but he had declined to provide police with a formal statement.

Police understand the men are known to each other, and McGowan said the victim was known to poice.

McGowan said the victim got into the car with four other people willingly, before a dispute took place which led to him being attacked in the car.

Police do not yet know the cause of the dispute.

The Yaris was allegedly stolen from the Melbourne CBD on December 15, and between then and Monday night, had been involved in a petrol drive-away theft.

Anybody with information is urged to contact Crime Stoppers on 1800 333 000 or online.

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Anti-hate crime police crack down after Bondi terror attack

NSW Police has conducted more than 2600 taskings surrounding antisemitism and hate crimes, following the Bondi terror attack.

The operation was established in October 2023 to reduce antisemitic and anti-social behaviour and other hate crime activity.

Operation Shelter Commander Assistant Commissioner Stephen Hegarty said it will remain in place as long as it's needed.

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Operation Shelter was first established in October 2023.

"The main purpose of Operation Shelter is about keeping the community safe and ensuring they feel safe too," Assistant Commissioner Hegarty said.

"Whilst police are conducting proactive taskings within the community, officers are also monitoring anything that poses a risk to NSW.

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Since it was established, 18 people have been charged with 34 offences associated with Operation Shelter.

"We won't tolerate any behaviour that threatens social cohesion in NSW."

Operation Shelter was also established to coordinate the gathering of intelligence and the response to protest activity.

In the wake of the Bondi Beach terror attack, Operation Shelter was strengthened, with an increase in support and resources.

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Operation Shelter officers have conducted more than 2600 proactive taskings since the Bondi terror attack.

Following the December 14 attack, officers have conducted more than 2600 taskings across more than 3200 shifts.

One of the incidents includes the charging of a 20-year-old man who allegedly sent out a call to action on social media urging protesters to attend a beach in Sydney's south later this week, intending to incite violence.

The man was later charged with using a carrier service to menace, harass, offend and publicly threaten violence on grounds of race or religion.

He was refused bail to appear before Gosford Local Court earlier this week.

Officers have conducted patrols of specific locations, including Bondi Beach, places of worship in Sydney's Eastern Suburbs, inner west, and Sydney's west, as well as aged care facilities and hospitals.

Since its establishment, 18 people have been charged with 34 offences related to the operation.

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