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What to know about the prestigious Nobel Prize awards

The Nobel Prize winners will be announced next week.

The awards are considered among the world's most prestigious honours for achievements in medicine, physics, chemistry, literature, economics and peace.

The winners will join the pantheon of Nobel laureates, from Albert Einstein to Mother Teresa.

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FILE - A Nobel medal is seen at the Swedish ambassador's residence in London, Dec. 8, 2020. (Niklas Halle'n/Pool via AP, File)

For the peace prize, US President Donald Trump has been nominated several times by people within the US as well as politicians abroad since 2018.

His name also was put forth in December by a Republican congresswoman for his brokering of the Abraham Accords, which normalised relations between Israel and some Arab states.

Here are some things to know about the Nobel Prizes:

A history of the Nobel Prizes

The Nobel Prizes were created by Alfred Nobel, a 19th-century businessman and chemist from Sweden.

He held more than 300 patents, but his claim to fame before the prizes was having invented dynamite by mixing nitroglycerine with a compound that made the explosive more stable.

Dynamite, which became popular in construction, mining and the weapons industry, made Nobel a very rich man.

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US President Donald Trump has been nominated several times by people within the US as well as politicians abroad since 2018.

Toward the end of his life he decided to use his vast fortune to fund annual prizes “to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind.”

The first Nobel Prizes, in medicine, physics, chemistry, literature and peace, were presented in 1901, five years after his death.

In 1968, a sixth prize was created, for economics, by Sweden’s central bank.

Though Nobel purists stress that the economics prize is technically not a Nobel, it’s always presented together with the others.

The Nobel nomination process

None of the nominations are announced by the prizes' respective committees, and the Nobel statutes prohibit the judges from discussing their deliberations for 50 years.

But those doing the nominating may choose to make their recommendations public.

A person cannot nominate themselves, though they can be nominated multiple times by others, including members of each prize's panel.

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FILE - In this Monday, Dec. 10, 2018 file photo, a bust of the Nobel Prize founder, Alfred Nobel on display at the Concert Hall during the Nobel Prize award ceremony in Stockholm. This years Nobel season approaches as Russias invasion of Ukraine has shattered decades of almost uninterrupted peace in Europe and raised the risks of a nuclear disaster. The famously secretive Nobel Committee never leaks or hints who will win its prizes for medicine, physics, chemistry, literature, economics or peace

Each prize's committee operates slightly differently, but they all strive to honor Nobel's wish that the winners have conferred benefit to humankind.

The peace prize committee is the only one that regularly rewards achievements made in the previous year, and the prize is the only one awarded in Oslo, Norway.

For the science prizes, awarded in Stockholm, winners often have to wait decades to have their work recognised by the Nobel judges, who want to make sure that any breakthrough stands the test of time.

The program for this year's Nobels

The 2025 Nobel Prize announcements kick off on Monday with the medicine prize being announced by a panel at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.

Nobel announcements continue with the physics prize on Tuesday, chemistry on Wednesday and literature on Thursday.

The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced Friday and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences on October 13.

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FILE - Guests attend the Nobel Prize ceremony in Stockholm, Dec. 10, 2024. (Jonas Ekstroemer/TT News Agency via AP, File)

The awards will be handed out on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel’s death.

Each prize carries an award of 11 million Swedish kronor (nearly US$1.2 million), and the winners also receive an 18-carat gold medal and a diploma.

Up to three laureates for each award can share the prize money.

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Why experts don’t think Donald Trump will win Nobel Prize

US President Donald Trump’s bid to win the Nobel Peace Prize has drawn added attention to the annual guessing game over who its next laureate will be.

Longtime Nobel watchers say Trump’s prospects remain remote despite a flurry of high-profile nominations and some notable foreign policy interventions for which he has taken personal credit.

Experts say the Norwegian Nobel Committee typically focuses on the durability of peace, the promotion of international fraternity and the quiet work of institutions that strengthen those goals.

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FILE - President Donald Trump listens during a news conference with Russia's President Vladimir Putin at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska, Friday, Aug. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Julia Demaree Nikhinson, File)

Trump's own record might even work against him, they said, citing his apparent disdain for multilateral institutions and his disregard for global climate change concerns.

Still, the US leader has repeatedly sought the Nobel spotlight since his first term, most recently telling United Nations delegates late last month “everyone says that I should get the Nobel Peace Prize.”

A person cannot nominate themselves.

Public lobbying campaigns but a private committee decision

Trump’s boasts and previous high-profile nominations make him the blockbuster name on the list of bookmakers’ favorites.

But it's unclear whether his name comes up in conversation when the five-member Nobel committee, appointed by Norway’s parliament, meets behind closed doors.

Trump has been nominated several times by people within the US as well as politicians abroad since 2018.

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FILE - President Donald Trump departs following a joint press conference with Russia's President Vladimir Putin at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska, Friday, Aug. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong, File)

His name also was put forth in December by US Representative Claudia Tenney, her office said in a statement, for his brokering of the Abraham Accords, which normalised relations between Israel and several Arab states in 2020.

Nominations made this year from Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Pakistan's government occurred after the February 1 deadline for the 2025 award.

Trump has said repeatedly that he “deserves” the prize and claims to have “ended seven wars.” On Tuesday, he teased the possibility of ending an eighth war if Israel and Hamas agree to his peace plan aimed at concluding the nearly two-year war in Gaza.

“Nobody’s ever done that," he told a gathering of military leaders at Marine Corps Base Quantico in Virginia.

“Will you get the Nobel Prize? Absolutely not. They’ll give it to some guy that didn’t do a damn thing.”

Sustained peace efforts prioritised over quick wins

Nobel veterans say the committee prioritises sustained, multilateral efforts over quick diplomatic wins.

Theo Zenou, a historian and research fellow at the Henry Jackson Society, said Trump's efforts have not yet been proven to be long-lasting.

"There’s a huge difference between getting fighting to stop in the short-term and resolving the root causes of the conflict,” Zenou said.

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FILE - Activists carry signs during a protest against President Donald Trump's federal takeover of policing of the District of Columbia, Saturday, Aug. 16, 2025, in Washington. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon, File)

Zenou also highlighted Trump’s dismissive stance on climate change as out-of-step with what many, including the Nobel committee, see as the planet’s greatest long-term peace challenge.

“I don’t think they would award the most prestigious prize in the world to someone who does not believe in climate change,” Zenou said.

“When you look at previous winners who have been bridge-builders, embodied international cooperation and reconciliation: These are not words we associate with Donald Trump.”

Avoiding political pressure

The Nobel committee was met with fierce criticism in 2009 for giving then-US President Barack Obama the prize barely nine months into his first term.

Many argued Obama had not been in office long enough to have an impact worthy of the Nobel.

And Trump’s own outspokenness about possibly winning the award might work against him: The committee won’t want to be seen as caving in to political pressure, said Nina Græger, director of the Peace Research Institute Oslo.

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FILE - President Donald Trump speaks with reporters before he departs on Air Force One at Morristown Airport, Sunday, Sept. 14, 2025, in Morristown, N.J. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon, File)

Trump’s prospects for the prize this year are “a long shot,” she said.

“His rhetoric does not point in a peaceful perspective.”

The Nobel announcements begin Monday with the medicine prize.

They continue with the physics prize on Tuesday, chemistry on Wednesday and literature on Thursday.

The Nobel Peace Prize will be announced Friday and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences on October 13.

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Man charged after allegedly ramming unmarked police car, threatening officers with knife

A man has been charged after he allegedly rammed a police car and threatened officers with a knife in Queensland's Sunshine Coast region.

Two police officers had returned to the Maroochydore Police Station carpark in an unmarked police vehicle at 8.50pm last night.

Police will allege a white Mercedes sedan drove at the police car at speed and rammed into the rear of it.

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It will also be alleged the driver of the Mercedes threatened police with a knife and lunged at them.

A number of shots were fired at the man before a third officer used a Taser. 

The 53-year-old man was arrested and charged with dangerous operation of a vehicle, endangering a police officer when driving a motor vehicle, going armed to cause fear, possession of a weapon, trespassing and three counts of serious assault of a police officer while armed. 

The man is due to appear in the Maroochydore Magistrates Court today.

No officers were physically injured during the incident, which will be investigated by the Ethical Standards Command.

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An unexpected email ruined Perth couple’s $3000 trip to Hawaii

Exclusive: Cloudi Saliba had her bags packed, passport ready and was about to sit on a plane for nine hours to Hawaii to visit her husband's family.

But the Perth woman, 27, was denied boarding on her $1500 flight and her Electronic System for Travel Authorisation (ESTA) visa waiver mysteriously revoked for reasons she can't understand.

Saliba told 9news.com.au she has travelled to the US many times before and her husband Henry Sweeney was born in the states.

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Cloudi Saliba US ESTA story

"I purchased the ESTA and it was approved immediately in August 2024," she said.

"They don't have an expiry for two years so it still would have been valid all the way until August next year."

After flying from Perth, Saliba checked into her Hawaiian Airlines flight in Sydney.

This is when the confusing saga began.

As she headed to the gate, an unwelcome email arrived in her inbox.

"And it says 'there's been a change to your ESTA visa," Saliba said.

After checking the US Customs and Border Protection (CBP) app, Saliba saw her travel to the US was no longer "authorised".

It baffled even the airport staff in Sydney.

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Tragedy as woman dies in rafting incident in Tasmania’s south-west

A woman has died in a rafting accident in a remote part of Tasmania's southwest.

The 49-year-old woman from Tasmania's south drowned on Thursday afternoon.

Initial investigations indicated her raft flipped in the rapids of the Franklin River.

Members of the rafting party attempted CPR on the woman, but she was unable to be revived.

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The group of 12 were on a rafting trip in the Franklin River, deep in the Tasmanian World Heritage Wilderness Area.

Tasmania Police Search and Rescue officers, helicopter resources and paramedics retrieved the group near the Livingston Rivulet and the Coruscades rapid on the Franklin River on Friday.

No other members of the group, including the victim's partner, suffered serious physical injuries.

Helicopters attempted to retrieve the group on Thursday afternoon but had to return Friday morning due to the challenging weather and limited visibility.

Much of the group's camping gear, tents, tarps and clothing had been lost in the river on Thursday.

Tasmania Police Marine and Rescue Western Division Acting Inspector Russell Judges said the retrieval was a difficult operation due to the remote and rugged location.

"This is a tragic incident in what was planned as an adventure for a group of friends who shared a passion for the Tasmanian wilderness," Judges said.

Police investigations are still ongoing, however, it is believed that the group of friends were experienced in the Tasmanian outdoors and had privately organised the trip as part of a 10-day rafting trip in the Franklin-Gordon Wild Rivers National Park.

The accident occurred on the fifth day of the trip.

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Woman charged over death in South Australia’s north

A 42-year-old woman has been charged with murder following the death of a man in South Australia.

At around 2.15pm yesterday, police responded to reports that a man had been found unconscious at a home on Dorothy Street in Port Pirie South.

The 52-year-old man could not be revived and was pronounced dead at the scene.

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It is believed that the pair were in a domestic relationship and lived together at the address.

She is expected to appear in court on Tuesday.

A crime scene has been established as authorities continue to investigate the circumstances surrounding the 52-year-old's death.

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